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Research and Development

 

Investment

  • +/- 12% of turnover for multinational companies in Europe;
  • +/- 6% of turnover for small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) inEurope.

 

Costs

  • Time to bring a new product to market: 5 to 11 years;
  • Costs to bring a new product to market: Up to € 50 million. This figure can be higher in exceptional cases.
  • Percentage of R&D budget spent on keeping existing products on the market (defensive R&D) 35 % in Europe; 16-18 % in the USA. 

    October 2005

 

 
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